Association of substance use and vaginal infection with UTI in adolescent pregnant patients: a retrospective study

Abstract

Background: Urinary tract infections in pregnant women, pose a global health concern, especially in adolescents due to their unique physiological changes. In Mexico, 18.5% of births occur in adolescent mothers, making it crucial to develop effective protocols for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Vaginal infections involving Gardnerella vaginalis and Candida albicans, create a pro-inflammatory environment conductive to the growth of Escherichia coli within the uroepithelium. Additionally, psychoactive substance use compromises the immune system, leading to infections acquisition. Methods: One hundred forty-four adolescent patients were enrolled between 8 and 20 weeks of gestation at the Instituto Nacional de Perinatología in Mexico City. Urine cultures were performed to detect UTI caused by E. coli. Phylogroup classification, clinical evaluation, and statistical analysis were conducted to assess risk factors and maternal/neonatal complications. Results: Statistical correlation was found between UTI and infections due to G. vaginalis andC. albicans. Additionally, psychoactive substance use incremented risk of maternal UTI. Conclusion: This study highlights the strong association between some vaginal infection and UTI caused by E. coli. Furthermore, psychoactive substance use promotes the acquisition of infections. These findings emphasize the need for comprehensive healthcare for adolescent pregnant patients.