Bio Oil Production from Multi-Feed Stock Biomass Waste and the Upgrading Process for Quality Improvement - Mini Review

Abstract

Bio-oil is an environmentally friendly liquid fuel produced from the condensation of vapor product of pyrolysis process. Bio-oil has higher calorific value compared to other oxygenated fuels (such as methanol), but its calorific value is still lower than diesel and other light fuel oils. Bio-oil can be used directly as fuel; however, it has several characteristics that adversely affect high-tech machines. Bio-oil is corrosive since it has a high acidity level, unstable at room temperature due to the high content of oxygenate compounds and has a low higher heating value (HHV) due to its high water content. Therefore, an upgrading process is needed to improve the quality before it can be further processed into liquid fuel and chemicals. Meanwhile, the raw material for bio-oil also varies, not only using single feedstock but also using mixed feedstock. However, studies on mixed bio-oil raw materials are still very limited. Thus, it is possible to study the process of producing bio-oil from a mixture of biomass waste using the catalytic pyrolysis method and improve the quality of bio-oil through the collection of phenolic compounds using the extraction process.