Alternative Energy Options for a Thai Durian Farm: Feasibility Study and Experiments for the Combination of Solar Photovoltaics and Repurposed Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

This research examines the viability of incorporating a second-life lithium-ion battery energy storage system with a solar photovoltaic power source to facilitate energy acquisition in two irrigation scenarios at a durian farm located in Thailand. The first option entails selecting the battery with suitable dimensions to effectively harness solar energy following morning irrigation, while the second option involves sizing the battery specifically for storing solar energy solely for the purpose of powering the motor pump. This study conducts an analysis on the degradation of the battery, focusing on the influence of specific environmental conditions and its specification. The degradation analysis employs polynomial functions as an alternative to exponential semi-empirical stress models for fitting stress models. This approach demonstrates a robust fit, as evidenced by a high R-squared value of approximately 1. The economic analysis considers various factors, including solar irradiance derating factors, battery deterioration rate, and photovoltaic power ratings for all scenarios. The sensitivity analysis evaluates the variations in irradiance and costs associated with the battery. When solar radiation levels surpass 500 W/m2 and the cost of the battery remains below $100/kWh, the estimated payback period is approximately 5 years over the duration of the 10-year project lifespan.