Integrating mechanical signals into cellular identity

Abstract

The large arrays of cell types in a multicellular organism are defined by their stereotypic size and/or morphology, and, for cells in vivo, by their anatomic positions. Historically, this identity–structure–function correlation was conceptualized as arising from distinct gene expression programs that dictate how cells appear and behave. However, a growing number of studies suggest that a cell's mechanical state is also an important determinant of its identity, both in lineage-committed cells and in pluripotent stem cells. Defining the mechanism by which mechanical inputs influence complex cellular programs remains an area of ongoing investigation. Here, we discuss how the cytoskeleton actively participates in instructing the response of the nucleus and genome to integrate mechanical and biochemical inputs, with a primary focus on the role of the actomyosin–LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex axis.