Development of Otsuka dry powder inhalation system using technology of freeze-drying

Abstract

Conventional dry powder inhalation systems are based on the preconception that the inhalant formulation is suitably pre-micronized during the manufacturing process. Here, I report Otsuka Dry Powder Inhalation : ODPI) system in which a freeze-dried cake breaks down into fine particles upon inhalation. The ODPI system is characterized by the utilization of a freeze-dried cake with a unique porous network structure resembling a spider web that differs from the conventional freeze-dried cake at the micro-level.