Analyser les résistances nationales à la mise en œuvre des normes européennes : une étude des instruments d’action publique

Abstract

Over the last twenty years, Europeans seem to increasingly oppose European integration: protests against certain European policies, negative results on referenda, increased abstentions in elections to the European Parliament. Another form of resistance to European integration existed however since the 1950s: that of national administrations who implement European decisions, whether they are hard or soft law. The aim of this article is to revisit the forms and instruments of administrative resistance to implementation in a historical perspective and to present a conceptual framework, which will help us to systematically analyse these bureaucratic resistances beyond specific.