Covid-19 in malaysia: Knowledge, threat perception, response efficacy and practice in precautionary behavior

Abstract

Introduction: Susceptibility perceptions have been extensively studied but COVID-19 severity has been largely neglected. As susceptibility and severity may not co-occur, it is necessary to examine both components of disease threat. Objective: To examine the knowledge, threat perception, response efficacy, and associations with intended and concurrent COVID-19 preventive measures during a period of receding cases in Malaysia. Methods: An online survey of 230 respondents was conducted from 1 to Jul 15 2020 using a 50-item questionnaire to study intention for COVID-19 preventive measures. Snowball sampling technique and the 2-step factor analysis of data was done. Results: Good knowledge of the disease acquired mainly from the mass media and internet rather than family and friends were reported among the respondents. Severity of COVID-19 compared to other flu-like diseases was acknowledged, but a low perception of risk and likelihood of contracting the disease was observed. Beliefs in the efficacy of public preventive measures (quarantine, physical distancing, movement restriction and screening) were high. Face mask and personal hygiene ranked as the most effective individual preventive measures. Intentions for self-quarantine and testing were strong if flu symptoms were perceived. Perceived susceptibility is moderately associated with perceived severity and efficacy of recommended preventive measures. A stronger relationship was found between perceived efficacy of preventive measures and intended and concurrent health-protective measures. Conclusion: The findings suggest that perceptions of disease threat need to focus on susceptibility and severity, and perceptions of severity need to consider perceived severity for self and others.