Climate-smart agriculture implementation facing climate variability and uncertainty in the coffee farming system

Abstract

Climate risk in agriculture indicates the potential of climate-related hazards to impact coffee production and quality negatively. Coffee production has decreased due to changes in temperature, more extended droughts, and increased pests' invasion. Coffee agribusiness is demanded to respond to the increasing need for Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA). As a CSA model, coffee cattle integration offers farmers risk management strategies and options to adapt to climate change. However, the effectiveness of its implementation is still low due to technical and institutional constraints. The study's objectives are to analyze constraints to implement coffee cattle integration as a CSA model and formulate strategies to implement it. The analysis method used Interpretive Structural Modelling. CSA implementation constraints include input, labor, knowledge, technology, capital, and farmer institutions in crop and livestock production. Strategies for implementing coffee cattle integration, as CSA practice, is carried out in a hierarchical stage. It starts with developing a support system to improve agricultural support policies, promote public-private partnerships, and support community assistance and facilitation center, followed by the increasing availability of capital through credit farm.