Envelope solitary waves exist and collide head-on without phase shift in a dusty plasma

Abstract

The rarefactive KdV solitary waves in a dusty plasma have been extensively studied analytically and found experimentally in the previous works. Though the envelope solitary wave described by a nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) has been proposed by using the reductive perturbation method, it is first verified by using the particle-in-cell (PIC) numerical method in this paper. Surprisingly, there is no phase shift after the head on collision between two envelope solitary waves, while it is sure that there are phase shifts of two colliding KdV solitary waves after head on collision.