Application of Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents in Extraction of Metals from Real Solutions Obtained by Leaching Cathodes from End-of-Life Li-Ion Batteries

Abstract

This paper presents the results of applying hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDESs) for the extraction of metal ions from a real hydrochloric acid solution after leaching the cathodes of three different types of Li-ion batteries. Aliquat 336-, D2EHPA- and menthol-based HDESs developed by us were used in this study. The optimal HCl leaching conditions chosen are 80 °C, 2 M HCl, 6 h, solid:liquid ratio = 1:25. The results of stepwise separation of the major elements using extraction with HDESs are presented. The HDESs used in the cross-current extraction made it possible to extract all elements with extraction ratios above 98%. It was shown that the suggested method could potentially be used in the process of recycling end-of-life Li-ion batteries.