Sociodemographic Factors Affecting Diabetic Dietary Behavior in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Dietary behavior is one of the components of self-care that is difficult for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to perform. The study aimed to determine the soci-odemographic factors that influence the dietary behavior of people with T2DM. The study method is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The subjects of this study were people with T2DM in the Jember Regency, with a sample size of 130 respondents using a multistage random sampling technique. This study had two variables: dietary behavior as a dependent variable, measured using Self-Management Dietary Behavior Questionnaire (SMDBQ, and sociodemographic factors (age, gender, marital status, income level, education level, ethnicity, and family type) as an independent variable measured using a sociodemographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed using a multiple logistic regression test (α = 0.05). The results of the study showed that most of the respondents were 55 – 65 years old (51.5%), female (71.5%), married (85.4%), a primary education level (50.8%), low-income level (73.1%), Madurese (54.6%), and nu-clear family type (37.7%). Most of the respondents had dietary behavior in the medium category (66.9%), and the sociodemographic factors that influenced diabetes diet behavior were education level (p = 0.001) and family type (p = 0.001) with R2 = 0.241. Efforts to improve self-care regarding adherence to diabetes diet behavior must pay attention to sociodemographic factors to prevent complications and improve the quality of life of people with T2DM.