Do Calf Hutches Provide Thermal Comfort for Animals in Winter?

Abstract

In order to determine the heat and humidity conditions of Igloo-type calf hutches, both in open space and under verandas, an analysis was conducted of the impact of the location of the veranda within the premises of the farm and its orientation in relation to the cardinal compass points and prevailing wind speed, as well as temperature and relative atmospheric humidity. The analysis was conducted based on constant measurement (temperature, relative humidity, air velocity) for climate conditions under the veranda and in the areas between the farm buildings. The 432,432 data points obtained in this way were used for further calculations and analysis of WCT (Wind Chill Temperature) and WCI (Wind Chill Index). Studies have shown that placing the hutch under a shelter allows for more favorable thermal and humidity conditions by reducing wind speed, and consequently increasing the apparent temperature and limiting the rate of heat loss. The analysis has demonstrated that the selection of the location of the hutch or calf enclosure is crucial for calf welfare. It is recommended that environmental studies be conducted individually for farms raising calves, especially dairy cattle breeds. An optimal location and utilisation of existing infrastructure will reduce the financial outlays for implementing new solutions. This analysis, conducted in Eastern Europe, also provides a basis for inferring the impact of climate change on local microclimatic conditions.