Serum amyloid A1 and plasminogen as predictory proteins to monitor the progression of preleukemic diseases towards acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Abstract

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is a type of cancer and is the most common form of leukaemia in children. It also occurs in adults around the age of 50 at a low incidence rate. Aplastic anaemia (APA) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), two preleukemic diseases, have been reported to convert into ALL in some case studies. To obtain molecular insight into this progression and identify the proteomic molecules that can associate these preleukemic diseases to ALL, this study is focused on the comparative proteomic profiling of ALL, APA, MDS and the healthy control. A multi-fractionation approach was used for the fractionation of pooled plasma samples of all study groups. Up- and down-fold changes in the concentration of proteins were observed in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-GE) gels of diseases compared to the healthy group. Among the 34 identified proteins, the eight proteins that were significantly deregulated included serum amyloid A-1 (SAA1), haptoglobin (HPT), C4b-binding protein alpha chain, complement factor 7, apolipoprotein E (ApoE), plasminogen, prothrombin, and complement factor H (CFH), and their links to important cell signalling pathways were found. Validation through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that SAA1 and plasminogen may be considered as potential molecules that link ALL with APA and MDS.