Modernization of GNSS, RNSS, and SBAS

Abstract

This review provides an extensive overview of the modernization of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Regional Navigation Satellite System (RNSS), and Satellite-Based Augmentation System (SBAS) up to 28 September 2025. It covers a description of the individual systems, the new launched satellites, and the new civil signals. GNSS includes the United States’ GPS, Russia’s GLONASS, the European Union’s Galileo, and China’s BDS. In the last several years there has been an intensive development of RNSS, which primarily encompass the Japan’s QZSS, India’s IRNSS, and the South Korea’s KPS. The focus of this research is analyzing the possibilities of advancing Position, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) service as well as future perspective and trends in the field of satellite positioning and navigation. SBAS supports satellite systems by providing civil aviation users with corrections and integrity information. Additional to WAAS and EGNOS, this paper examines several more SBAS currently under development. Furthermore, it provides a concise overview and discussion of the above systems, as well as innovations in space technology in the Republic of Croatia. In addition, it emphasizes the influence of political events on the development of satellite systems as well as the role of aerospace companies.