Sleep Disturbances and Depression Levels among General Indonesian Population: A National Survey

Abstract

Background: The correlation between sleep disturbance and depression is widely recognized in developed countries but relevant evidence is lacking in developing countries. Objective: This study aims to assess the correlation between sleep disturbance and depression levels among the general Indonesian population. Methods: This national cross-sectional survey was conducted using the Indonesian Family Life Survey. Sleep disturbance was assessed based on the questions related to sleeping experience. Depression levels were assessed with a modified Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale. Sociodemographic factors as confounders were obtained from the self-reported data. Logistic regression was performed after adjusting for confounders. Results: A total of 22,024 respondents were included. Respondents with severe, moderate, and mild sleep disturbance were associated with depression compared to those with none or slight sleep disturbance. Conclusions: Respondents with sleep disturbance had a higher possibility of experiencing depression. Screening of sleep quality among the general population is important to reduce the risk of depression.