Role of medicinal plants in the management of diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus, a prevalent metabolic disorder, currently affects 2.8% of the global population, with projections indicating a rise to 5.4% by 2025. This book chapter provides a concise overview of the condition, focusing on its diagnosis and associated challenges. It also explores the use of herbal products for managing diabetes mellitus, highlighting their mechanisms of action. A comprehensive compilation of medicinal plants with established antidiabetic properties and related therapeutic benefits is included. These include Allium sativum, Eugenia jambolana, Momordica charantia, Ocimum sanctum, Phyllanthus amarus, Pterocarpus marsupium, Tinospora cordifolia, Trigonella foenum-graecum, and Withania somnifera. The antidiabetic effects of these plants are primarily attributed to their active constituents, such as terpenoids, coumarins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and other bioactive components, which help lower blood glucose levels. Additionally, the chapter provides information on various marketed formulations developed for the treatment of diabetes, highlighting their significance in managing this condition.