Indicators for early diagnosis and quantification of biocenotic stress on some fruit species grown in the superintensive system

Abstract

The diversity of the soils and the climatic conditions and their variations, are very favorable for a wide range of pests and diseases, of the fruit tree species, which can generate significant economic losses. In the context of annual climate changes, there is a need for integrated interdisciplinary research and for the choice of indicators for early diagnosis of the level of biocenotic stress to which the modern orchards grown under superintensive system are subjected. The responses of the trees to the biocenotic stres are dynamic, as the intensity of the response increases with the increase of the stress level. The main factors on which depend the plants adaptation to biocenotic stress are: the species, age, group of varieties, the main pests and pathogens present in the cultivation area. The paper presents results obtained at RIFG Pitesti-Maracineni during 2017-2019, regarding the choice and use of synthetic indicators for early diagnosis of the biocenotic stress level, to which modern orchards are subjected. The adults flight dynamics (sum and average of catches and the economic damage threshold EDT) for the harmful Hymenoptera and micro-Lepidoptera, on cherry, plum, peach and apple, grown under superintensive system, as well as the risk of infections with fungal pathogens under conditions were investigated. Also, it was assessed the speed of fruits contamination with mycotic pathogens, specific for storage spaces, at some apple varieties with perspectives for expansion into commercial farms.