Slope Stability Analysis of the Slope Located On the E35 Pan-American Highway, Exit to Cuenca, Carigán Sector

Abstract

This study analyses the stability of the slope located on the E35 Pan-American Highway, exit to Cuenca, Carigán sector, an area of importance for Ecuadorian road infrastructure. The research employed a quantitative methodology structured in systematic phases that included in situ evaluation, geotechnical zoning, topographic and geophysical survey, soil sampling, laboratory tests, hydrological studies, numerical modelling and profile analysis. The results showed safety factors of 0.41, 0.32, 1.21 and 0.95 for the different conditions evaluated, indicating instability in most of the scenarios analysed. The modelling showed that critical conditions such as the presence of a shallow water table, increased loading and seismic activity significantly reduce the factors of safety below the unit value established by the current regulations. It was determined that the composition of the soil, mainly clays and silts of high plasticity, contributes to the susceptibility of the slope to landslides, especially during periods of high rainfall. Sensitivity analyses revealed that the cohesion of the material and the angle of internal friction are determining parameters in the geomechanical behaviour of the slope. These findings suggest the need to implement mitigation measures such as drainage systems, equilibrium berms and retaining walls to guarantee the long-term stability of this important communication route and prevent potential landslides affecting the road infrastructure and the safety of users.