Individual techniques of professional development: A critical review of literature

Abstract

The need for high quality professional development is a central component in nearly every modern proposal for improving the quality of education in South Africa and abroad. Indeed, if all students are to succeed, they must have teachers who know how to teach every student to a high standard. Unfortunately, many teachers, especially in developing countries, do not have the necessary skills to do this nor are they equipped to confront the challenges and adverse conditions they face in trying to improve the quality of education in the schools. It is therefore necessary to find appropriate professional development approaches to ensure that all the teachers, even the most experienced ones, are equipped with the necessary knowledge and skills for improving learner performance. Teachers also need to broaden their knowledge and improve their skills over the course of their careers. It is no surprise that funders, educators and researchers all suggest professional development for improving the quality of education in schools. This paper therefore explores the techniques of professional development specifically on the individual techniques.