Mitochondrial antioxidative capacity regulates muscle glucose uptake in the conscious mouse: Effect of exercise and diet

Abstract

The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that exercise-stimulated muscle glucose uptake (MGU) is augmented by increasing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) scavenging capacity. This hypothesis was tested in genetically altered mice fed chow or a high-fat (HF) diet that accelerates mtROS formation. Mice overexpressing SOD2 (sod2 Tg), mitochondria-targeted catalase (mcatTg), and combined SOD2 and mCAT (mtAO) were used to increase mtROS scavenging. mtROS was assessed by the H2O2 emitting potential (JH2O 2) in muscle fibers. sod2Tg did not decrease JH 2O2 in chow-fed mice, but decreased JH2O 2 in HF-fed mice. mcatTg and mtAO decreased JH2O 2 in both chow- and HF-fed mice. In parallel, the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) was unaltered in sod2Tg in chow-fed mice, but was increased in HF-fed sod2Tg and both chow- and HF-fed mcatTg and mtAO. Nitrotyrosine, a marker of NO-dependent, reactive nitrogen species (RNS)-induced nitrative stress, was decreased in both chow- and HF-fed sod2Tg, mcatTg, and mtAO mice. This effect was not changed with exercise. Kg, an index of MGU was assessed using 2-[14C]- deoxyglucose during exercise. In chow-fed mice, sod2Tg, mcat Tg, and mtAO increased exercise Kg compared with wild types. Exercise Kg was also augmented in HF-fed sod2Tg and mcatTg mice but unchanged in HF-fed mtAO mice. In conclusion, mtROS scavenging is a key regulator of exercise-mediated MGU and this regulation depends on nutritional state. Copyright © 2012 the American Physiological Society.