The effect of sapwood and heartwood differences on mechanical properties of fast-growing tree species

Abstract

In most uses where wood material needs impregnation or dimensional stability is essential, the properties of sapwood and heartwood should be taken into account. Also, due to the structural differences between heartwood and sapwood, differences in the strength of wood materials should be predicted. Therefore, the aim of this study was to reveal the differences between the mechanical properties of sapwood and heartwood of some important fast-growing forest trees. For this purpose, two softwoods (Pinus sylvestris) and (Pinus brutia) and two hardwoods (Populus usbekistanica) and (Eucalyptus grandis) were selected as test trees. Compression strength parallel to grain (CS ǁ), static quality value (IS), bending strength (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), tensile strength perpendicular to grain (TS⊥), shearing strength parallel to grain (SS ǁ), impact bending strength (IBS), dynamic quality value (ID) and Janka hardness values (JH) of sapwood and heartwood of test trees were determined in laboratory studies. The results of the t-test analysis showed that all mentioned mechanical properties of sapwood and heartwood of test trees were separated from each other as significant, except the shear strength of Eucalyptus, dynamic quality values of red pine and Scots pine and Janka hardness value of red pine. Finally, the results of the study revealed that the differences between sapwood and heartwood strength should be taken into account when wood species are used in constructions and other sensitive areas.