The possible cytogenecity and mutagenicity effects of Allium sativum as a natural fungi/ pesticide on faba bean plant

Abstract

Citation: Osman SA, Ali RT, Haiba AAA (2020) The possible cytogenecity and mutagenicity effects of Allium sativum as a natural fungi/ pesticide on faba bean plant. Glob J Biotechnol Biomater Sci 6(1): 024-031. DOI: https://dx. Abstract Allium sativum (garlic) is one of the most famous plant rich in Sulphur products which are so benefi cial in bio-gardening and agriculture if applied in right ratios as natural fertilizer to the soil poor in organic matter (under 2%) or applied as natural fungicide &pesticide. It like many other important folk plants needs further investigations and revising for its products' cytogenecity and mutagenicity. This study was designed to highlight the mode of action of fresh garlic water extract against two other garlic products (powder and tablets) dissolved in water on faba bean plant, as an ideal model system for both cytogenetic and biochemical investigations. Tomix tablets in water (two and three tablets/L), garlic powder (400 and 600 mg/L) and aqueous extract of smashed fresh garlic cloves (4500 and 7110 mg/L) were examined for their effect on plant mitosis and protein profi le after 24 and 48hr of treatments. The obtained results showed that; treatment with each form of the three tested garlic products induced concentration dependent reduction in the mitotic index, and affected notable change in the mitotic phase' frequencies. Its effect on chromatin material is much greater than its effect on spindle formation or chromosomes mobility in cytoplasm. It also affected the proteins profi le of the treated seedlings using SDS-PAGE. Conclusion: Treatment with fresh garlic and with garlic powder shows concentration dependent cytogenecity and mutagenecity. Prolongation of treatment time to 48hr increases the clastogenecity risk. Recommendation: the usage of fresh Garlic extract as a fungi/ pesticide in agriculture should be with caution, as it show some mutagenicity and cytogenicity.