Numerical Approach for Predicting Levee Overtopping in River Curves Through Dimensionless Parameters

Abstract

Recent climate changes have led to an increase in flood intensity, often resulting in frequent levee overtopping, which causes significant human and property damage. High vulnerability to such breaches is expected in general, especially at river curves. This study aims to predict the occurrence of levee overtopping at these critical points and to suggest a curve, the levee overtopping risk curve, to assess overtopping probabilities. For this purpose, several dimensionless parameters, such as superelevation relative to levee height ((Formula presented.) y/H) and the channel’s Froude number, were examined. Based on dimensional analysis, a relationship was developed, and the levee overtopping curve was finally proposed. The accuracy of this curve was validated through numerical analysis using a selected levee case, which clearly distinguished between safe and risky conditions for levee overtopping. The curve is designed for immediate integration into the hydraulic design processes, providing engineers with a reliable method for optimizing levee design to mitigate overtopping risks. It also serves as a critical decision-making tool in flood risk management, particularly for urban planning and infrastructure development in areas prone to flooding.