Using CITES Appendix III to Protect Native Species Found in International Trade: the Case of the Philippines

Abstract

CITES, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, is an international agreement among currently 183 Parties. It is based on the use of three Appendices, in which species are listed according to their need for regulation in international trade. The vast majority of all CITES species are listed in Appendix I and II. Appendix III works differently from the other two Appendices and is seldom used. If implemented correctly, the use of Appendix III could greatly contribute to positive conservation outcomes. Here, we use the Philippines as a case study to showcase the potential benefits of Appendix III listings for the conservation of nationally protected, native wildlife species. We provide an overview of wildlife trade involving the Philippines and relevant national legislation. We proceed by presenting the requirements of an Appendix III listing, under which circumstances it can succeed in assisting to protect native species, and the direct benefits to the Philippines as well as other countries striving to protect native wildlife from international illegal exploitation.