The association between hypertension, physical activity, and brushing technique with periodontal disease

Abstract

Background: Periodontal tooth disease is the second most common dental disease after dental caries. Hypertension is increasing in the world especially in Indonesia. Several studies showed that hypertension could cause periodontal tooth disease. Physical activity can reduce hypertension, which can further reduce the incidence of periodontal disease. Brushing technique also plays a role in preventing periodontal disease. This study aimed to determine the relationship between hypertension, physical activity, and brushing technique with periodontal disease in Indonesia. Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study. A total of 722.329 samples were included, who were all household members aged ≥15 years. The data were secondary data from the National Health Survey 2013 study in 33 provinces and 497 districts/cities in Indonesia. Bivariate analysis using the chi-square analysis was used to know the relationship between the independent and dependent variable. Multivariate analysis using the logistic regression analysis was used to determine the simultaneous influence of the independent variable to the dependent variable. Results: There was a relationship between hypertension and periodontal tissue status (p<0.001; OR = 1.15). There was a relationship between physical activity and periodontal tissue status (p< 0.001; OR = 0.84). There was a relationship between brushing technique and periodontal tissue status (p< 0.001, OR = 1.36). Logistic regression analysis showed a significant relationship between hypertension, physical activity, and correct brushing technique with periodontal tissue status (p < 0.001). Conclusion: There was a relationship between hypertension, physical activity, and brushing technique with periodontal disease.