Prevalencia y factores de riesgo para lesiones premalignas en pacientes menores de 55 años sometidos a colonoscopia en un hospital de tercer nivel

Abstract

Background: Colorectal cancer is an important cause of mortality, colonoscopy is effective to reduce its incidence and improve survival with the resection of premalignant lesions. objective: To determine the prevalence, characteristics and histology of lesions in patients younger than 55 years of age in a tertiary hospital. Method: This is a retrospective observational study, we colected data at the Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, with the report of 555 colonoscopies, and clinical data from the hospital archives of medic histories of selected patients. results: Premalignant lesions were found on 40% of the patients. The findings were polyps in 98 cases with a size of 5.2 mm; 54% were located in the colon, 24% in the sigmoid, 27% in the rectum and 1% in the anus. A prevalence of 63% of neoplastic polyps was observed (RR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.5-3.7) in smokers; and 42% (RR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2-2.6) in patients with alcohol consumption. Conclusions: The prevalence for premalignant lesions is similar for patients under 55 years of age. This highlights the importance of early diagnosis and avoiding progression. It would be convenient to extend the follow-up to second-level hospitals in patients with risk factors to contribute to improvement of public health system outcomes.