Environmental and economic model for sustainable development of a region (the case of Samara Oblast)

Abstract

Biodiversity in natural ecosystems, with the increasing anthropogenic transformation of the environment, is becoming an increasingly important direction of research every decade. We propose to consider the number of game animals as one of the indicators of biodiversity. Since they are the most steadily observed objects in specially protected and anthropogenically transformed territories. Biodiversity conservation ensures sustainable development. In this regard, using the example of Samara Oblast, we considered the principles of biodiversity conservation in environmental and economic systems, including anthropogenically modified and specially protected natural areas, in order to ensure sustainable development at the regional level. We selected some ecological and economic spatially distributed characteristics of the environmental-economic system and compiled equations of multiple linear regression of the dependence of the number of game animals on the factors that have the greatest influence. These are the following factors: the volume of industrial production, investments in fixed assets, the value of fixed assets of industry, payments for natural resources, fines for violation of legislation in the use of natural resources, species diversity of animals, generalized assessment of atmospheric air pollution, percentage of forest cover. We offer some management actions of influencing ecological and economic systems that ensure sustainable development. The authors determined that at the regional level it is necessary to revise and increase the normative fees for natural resources, as well as to increase the size of fines for violation of environmental legislation. We have carried out clustering of municipal districts by economic indicators affecting the number of biological resources, and we propose the necessary priority management actions based on the obtained models.