Through-hole, self-ordered nanoporous oxide layers on titanium, niobium and titanium-niobium alloys in aqueous and organic nitrate electrolytes

Abstract

Leaky layers: Several 10 μm-thick, highly aligned, porous structures of titanium dioxide, niobium pentoxide and mixed oxides can be grown anodically in nitrate-containing electrolytes with channel diameters in the range of 10-20 nm. Depending on the substrate, the electrochemical growth parameters need to be optimized to achieve a high degree of long-range order. © 2012 The Authors.