ADAPTING ISO 45001:2018 FOR OPTIMIZING SAFETY PERFORMANCE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A CASE STUDY ON LIBYA'S CONSTRUCTION SECTOR

Abstract

The construction industry plays a vital economic role. Still, it remains one of the most hazardous sectors, particularly in developing countries like Libya, where systemic challenges hinder the implementation of effective occupational safety and health (OSH) practices. This study aims to develop and validate two innovative OSH assessment tools— the COSPL 1.0 Calculator and FLARE 1.0 Matrix—designed to enhance safety performance in Libya’s construction sector by adapting ISO 45001:2018 standards to local challenges. These tools integrate Libya-specific metrics with international standards to address critical gaps in leadership, planning, performance evaluation, and worker engagement. Data from 121 professionals across four Libyan construction companies were analysed using statistical techniques, including partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Validation confirmed the tools' reliability and practicality, facilitating quantitative safety assessments and classifying Organisations into five adaptation levels. Findings underscore leadership and worker participation as critical to fostering a proactive safety culture and enhancing safety outcomes. Adaptable to resource-constrained settings, these tools provide scalable solutions for improving OSH practices in developing regions. Future research should explore digital integration and cross-industry applications to enhance their global impact on sustainable safety performance.