Effect of Ethanol on Brain Electrical Tissue Conductivity in Social Drinkers

Abstract

Background: How the biophysics of electrical conductivity measures relate to brain activity is poorly understood. The sedative, ethanol, reduces metabolic activity but its impact on brain electrical conductivity is unknown. Purpose: To investigate whether ethanol reduces brain electrical tissue conductivity. Study Type: Prospective. Subjects: Fifty-two healthy volunteers (aged 18–37 years, 22 females, 30 males). Field Strength/Sequence: 3 T, T1-weighted, multi-shot, turbo-field echo (TFE); 3D balanced fast-field echo (bFFE). Assessment: Brain gray and white matter tissue conductivity measured with phase-based magnetic resonance electrical properties tomography (MREPT) compared before and 20 minutes after ethanol consumption (0.7 g/kg body weight). Differential conductivity whole brain maps were generated for three subgroups: those with strong ((Formula presented.) > 0.1 S/m; N = 33), weak (0.02 S/m ≤ (Formula presented.) ≤ 0.1 S/m; N = 9) conductivity decrease, and no significant response ((Formula presented.) < 0.02 S/m, N = 10). Maps were compared in the strong response group where breath alcohol rose between scans, vs. those where it fell. Statistical Tests: Average breath alcohol levels were compared to the differential conductivity maps using linear regression. T-maps were generated (threshold P < 0.05 and P < 0.001; minimum cluster 48 mm3). Differential conductivity maps were compared with ANOVA. Results: Whole-group analysis showed decreased conductivity that did not survive statistical thresholding. Strong responders (N = 33) showed a consistent pattern of significantly decreased conductivity ((Formula presented.) > 0.1 S/m) in frontal/occipital and cerebellar white matter. The weak response group (N = 9) showed a similar pattern of conductivity decrease (0.02 S/m ≤ (Formula presented.) ≤ 0.1 S/m). There was no significant relationship with breath alcohol levels, alcohol use, age, ethnicity, or sex. The strong responders' regional response was different between ascending (N = 12) or descending (N = 20) alcohol during the scan. Data Conclusion: Ethanol reduces brain tissue conductivity in a participant-dependent and spatially dependent fashion. Evidence Level: 1. Technical Efficacy: Stage 2.