Digital technology and child development: Theoretical basis and literature review from economic and biomechanical perspective

Abstract

This review examines the impact of digital technology on child development, integrating economic and biomechanical perspectives. I reviewed existing literature, drawing upon human capital theory, skill formation theory, and parenting style theory, to establish a comprehensive framework for understanding this multifaceted issue. The current body of research suggests a concerning trend: Increased digital technology use often coincides with reduced physical activity and increased sedentary behavior. This shift potentially alters the mechanical environment experienced by children’s developing bodies, raising concerns about musculoskeletal development, motor skill acquisition, and long-term health outcomes. At present, there have been some studies in related fields, but there is a lack of overall review and integration. For better understanding and conducting studies, some suggestions were given: Investigations should focus on dose-response relationships between digital technology exposure and biomechanical outcomes, while also considering the influence of moderating factors such as age, sex, pre-existing conditions, and parenting styles. By clarifying the underlying mechanisms, we can inform the development of evidence-based interventions and guidelines to promote optimal physical development and ensure the well-being of children in the increasingly digital world.