TRANSFORMATION OF THE POLITICAL BUREAUCRACY SYSTEM IN INDONESIA: SIYASAH DUSTURIYAH APPROACH FROM THE COLONIAL ERA TO THE REFORM ORDER

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the transformation of bureaucracy in Indonesia from the colonial era to the reform era using the Siyasah Dusturiyah approach. It employs a qualitative descriptive method with a content analysis approach to examine relevant texts and literature. The research identifies four distinct periods in the history of Indonesian bureaucracy: the Dutch colonial era, the old order, the new order, and the reform era. During the colonial era, the political bureaucracy functioned as a means of societal control. The old order and new order shared similarities, with the Indonesian bureaucracy heavily influenced by the party political system, leading to factionalism and political machinery. Following the Reform Era, a significant anti-corruption movement emerged, driven by the strengthening of civil society. Nurcholish Madjid emphasized the importance of clear separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, proposing the concept of checks and balances to prevent power abuses and establish a balanced and accountable governance system. From the perspective of Siyasah Dusturiyah, seven principles serve as the foundation for transforming Indonesian bureaucracy, promoting fairness, effectiveness, and active societal participation in decision-making processes.