O uso de amostras peneiradas a dois milímetros subestima a proteção física da matéria orgânica no solo

Abstract

Density fractionation is an important tool to determine the physical protection of organic matter within soil aggregates, but results may be affected by the mesh size used to sieve soil samples. The hypothesis of this study is that in comparison to 9.5 mm sieve, sieving through 2 mm mesh results in excessive soil disaggregation by releasing organic matter originally protected within aggregates and consequently leads to underestimations of the carbon content in the occluded light fraction (OLF-C) and of the magnitude of physical protection of organic matter within soil aggregates. Soil samples (0-5 cm) of five Brazilian soils under long-term experiments (9-18 yrs) were collected in the regions Center West (4 soils) and South (1 soil), under conventional and conservation soil management systems. Based on < 9.5 mm soil samples as reference, an underestimation of 2.9-15.7% of the OLF-C pool was observed in comparison to < 2.0 soil samples mm. This effect was more pronounced for conservation soil management systems and positively correlated with soil organic C content (r = 0.92, p < 0.04), macroaggregate mass > 2 mm (r = 0.90, p < 0.02) and aggregate stability index (r = 0.94, p < 0.01). In three of the evaluated soils, the use of < 2.0 mm soil samples led to the erroneous conclusion that conservation soil management systems are not efficient to stabilize organic matter within soil aggregates. Therefore, a mesh size of 9.5 mm is indicated to evaluate the physical protection of organic matter in aggregates, or alternatively, the sieves used to prepare soil samples for aggregate stability analysis, i.e., usually greater than 8 mm.