Elemental phosphorus and electromagnetic radiation

Abstract

White phosphorus (P4) is a small molecule that is mainly used as a starting material for the large-scale synthesis of most of the suitable phosphorus derivatives. The process starts with the direct reaction of P 4 with Cl2, and the resulting phosphorus chloride is further treated with the adequate organic substrate. This industrial process is very primitive, and for economic and environmental reasons the first oxidation step should be avoided. The observation that the conversion of white P 4 to the red allotrope is accelerated by ultraviolet light showed that the P4 molecule is able to be activated by electromagnetic radiation. Metal complexes can also mediate the functionalization of P 4. The participation of electromagnetic radiation in the reactions that involve P4 and metal complexes has provided new procedures for obtaining new and interesting compounds that contain phosphorus atoms. Very significant and interesting reviews have summarized, classified and discussed the reactivity of P4 but until now none of them have distilled the relationship between white phosphorus and electromagnetic radiation. Copyright © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.