Substituent Effects in Molecular Ruthenium Water Oxidation Catalysts Based on Amide Ligands

Abstract

The production of clean and sustainable energy is considered as one of the most urgent issues for our society. Mastering the oxidation of water to dioxygen is essential for the production of solar fuels. A study of the influence of the substituents on the catalytic activity of a series of mononuclear Ru complexes (2 a–e) based on a tetradentate ligand framework is presented. At neutral pH, using [Ru(bpy)3](PF6)3 (bpy=2,2’-bipyridine) as the terminal oxidant, a good correlation between the turnover frequency (TOF) and the Hammett σmeta parameters was obtained. Additionally, a general pathway for the deactivation of Ru-based catalysts 2 a–e during the catalytic oxidation of water through poisoning by carbon monoxide was demonstrated. These results highlight the importance of ligand design for fine-tuning the catalytic activity of water oxidation catalysts.