Water-splitting catalysis and solar fuel devices: Artificial leaves on the move

Abstract

The development of new energy materials that can be utilized to make renewable and clean fuels from abundant and easily accessible resources is among the most challenging and demanding tasks in science today. Solar-powered catalytic water-splitting processes can be exploited as a source of electrons and protons to make clean renewable fuels, such as hydrogen, and in the sequestration of CO2 and its conversion into low-carbon energy carriers. Recently, there have been tremendous efforts to build up a stand-alone solar-to-fuel conversion device, the "artificial leaf", using light and water as raw materials. An overview of the recent progress in electrochemical and photo-electrocatalytic water splitting devices is presented, using both molecular water oxidation complexes (WOCs) and nano-structured assemblies to develop an artificial photosynthetic system. Turning a new leaf: Electrochemical and light-driven electrocatalytic water oxidation assemblies have been targeted to develop artificial photosynthetic system. Such "Artificial Leaves" are used to make H2 and O2 using water as a raw material. The design and performance of the water oxidation systems and standalone solar-to-fuel conversion devices are presented. Progress in the field and future perspectives of water splitting are also discussed. Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.