A review on synthesis and magnetic hyperthermia application of spinel nano ferrite

Abstract

Soft spinel nano ferrites have gained great attention from various interdisciplinary researchers across multiple disciplines of science and technology during the last couple of decades due to their exceptional structural, magnetic, and biocompatible traits. Their bio-medical applications by way of antimicrobial, antifungal, magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) contrast mediators, targeted medication, and delivery of drugs, Biosensors, and Magnetic hyperthermia (MHT) are greatly affected by their structural and dielectric-magnetic parameters. For their bio-medical applications, these magnetic nanoparticles(MNPs) should possess uniformity in particle size, non-agglomeration in nature, ease of dispersal, easy coating, and nontoxicity to host cells. The structural and dielectric-magnetic traits are influenced by their method of synthesis. Uncontrolled mutation and accumulation of cells in the autoimmune disease, cancer, can be contained by apoptosis using the spinel ferrite MNPs mediated by MHT underneath an external alternating magnetic field (AMF). The present systematic review article explores both top-down and bottom-up synthesis approaches, including Sol-gel auto-combustion, solvothermal, hydrothermal, thermal decomposition, and solid-state reaction, and co-precipitation, methods of synthesis of ferrites for MHT applications. The review article provides a comprehensive view of topical trends in in-vivo MHT applications of metal-substituted spinel nano ferrites, superparamagnetic iron oxide MNPs, and core-shell structures and guides the design the next-generation cancer theranostics.