Mortality differences in pulmonary fibrosis among the most populated states in the United States

Abstract

Background: Recent studies suggest that the mortality rate of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in the U.S. is decreasing. However, the mortality trends and demographic differences of PF among the states have not been evaluated. Objective: To evaluate PF-related mortality rates and trends in the nine most populated states in the U.S. Methods: Population-based study using the Multiple Cause of Death Database available through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. PF-related deaths were identified using ICD codes. Results: From 2004 to 2018, average annual mortality rates ranged from being the lowest in New York (110.8 per 1,000,000) to the highest in North Carolina (195.3 per 1,000,000). The mortality rates showed a decline in the majority of the states and were stable in the other states. The most significant declines were in California and Michigan. The average mortality rates in males were higher than females in all the states (rate ratio ranged from 1.56 in Texas to 1.81 in New York) and the decline in the mortality rates was more pronounced compared to males in most states. The mortality rates in Blacks were lower compared to Whites in all the states (rate ratio ranged from 0.47 in New York to 0.69 in Ohio) and the decline in the mortality rates over the period was more significant than in Whites. Conclusions: There is substantial variation in mortality rates and mortality trends between states and different demographics. Further studies are needed to evaluate the environmental factors, diagnostic accuracy, and coding practices contributing to these differences.