Incidence of COVID-19 among Persons Experiencing Homelessness in the US from January 2020 to November 2021

Abstract

Importance: A lack of timely and high-quality data is an ongoing challenge for public health responses to COVID-19 among people experiencing homelessness (PEH). Little is known about the total number of cases of COVID-19 among PEH. Objective: To estimate the number of COVID-19 cases among PEH and compare the incidence rate among PEH with that in the general population. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study used data from a survey distributed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to all US state, district, and territorial health departments that requested aggregated COVID-19 data among PEH from January 1, 2020, to September 30, 2021. Jurisdictions were encouraged to share the survey with local health departments. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary study outcome was the number of cases of COVID-19 identified among PEH. COVID-19 cases and incidence rates among PEH were compared with those in the general population in the same geographic areas. Results: Participants included a population-based sample of all 64 US jurisdictional health departments. Overall, 25 states, districts, and territories completed the survey, among which 18 states (72.0%) and 27 localities reported COVID-19 data among PEH. A total of 26349 cases of COVID-19 among PEH were reported at the state level and 20487 at the local level. The annual incidence rate of COVID-19 among PEH at the state level was 567.9 per 10000 person-years (95% CI, 560.5-575.4 per 10000 person-years) compared with 715.0 per 10000 person-years (95% CI, 714.5-715.5 per 10000 person-years) in the general population. At the local level, the incidence rate of COVID-19 among PEH was 799.2 per 10000 person-years (95% CI, 765.5-834.0 per 10000 person-years) vs 812.5 per 10000 person-years (95% CI, 810.7-814.3 per 10000 person-years) in the general population. Conclusions and Relevance: These results provide an estimate of COVID-19 incidence rates among PEH in multiple US jurisdictions; however, a national estimate and the extent of under- or overestimation remain unknown. The findings suggest that opportunities exist for incorporating housing and homelessness status in infectious disease reporting to inform public health decision-making..