Addressing Wayfinding Challenges in Nigerian Shopping Malls: An Integrated Review of Spatial Legibility, Signage, Culture, And Digital Tools

Abstract

In contemporary Nigerian cities, shopping malls have evolved beyond commercial enclaves into complex social spaces, reflecting urban aspirations and cultural interactions. However, navigating these environments remains a persistent challenge for many users, often resulting in cognitive strain, frustration, and reduced satisfaction. This review critically examines wayfinding within Nigerian malls, drawing on environmental psychology, design theory, and empirical evidence to explore the role of signage, architectural legibility, cultural expectations, and emerging digital tools. Relying primarily on qualitative studies, observational data, and recent scholarly discourse, the study identifies key barriers such as inconsistent signage, inadequate visual landmarks, and limited use of adaptive technologies. Findings reveal that while users often compensate through interpersonal strategies, such as asking for directions, these do not replace the need for robust, culturally attuned wayfinding systems. Recommendations emphasize integrating layered strategiescombining intuitive architectural design, clear signage systems, and inclusive technological aidsto support seamless navigation and enhance user experience. Ultimately, the study advocates for treating wayfinding as a central design concern, rather than an afterthought, in Nigerian mall development.