I–V study of PANI and CdO nano-composite mixture for low-voltage varistors

Abstract

In the paperwork, Polyaniline (PANI) and Cadmium Oxide (CdO) nano-powders were synthesised using oxidative polymerisation and sol–gel auto-combustion methods, respectively. The samples were studied with varying compositions; PC1 [PANI, 1:0], PC2 [PANI + CdO, 1:1], PC3 [PANI + CdO, 1:2], and PC4 [CdO, 0:1]. There was a steady growth observed in the values for the current–voltage (I–V) plot and these were obtained in the small-scale voltage range, which implied its application areas in lower-voltage varistor industries. Varistors act as surge suppressors that protects the circuits against excessive transient voltages safeguarding the devices and appliances. Varistor market has seen a rise in the demand for metal oxide varistors (MOV) that are eco-friendly and environmentally sustainable. Furthermore, the necessity to obtain efficient and quality varistor has led to the need of the development of advanced technologies for their fabrications, such as blockchain, machine learning, and artificial intelligence (AI). These technologies are being used to develop varistors that are capable of surpassing the already existing conventional varistors. The said market also deals with essential properties, such as size, scope, share, potential prospects, and growth of the varistor industry.