Lung ultrasound scores within the first 3 days of life to predict respiratory outcomes

Abstract

Backround: Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a rapid and simple method to evaluate preterm babies with respiratory distress. Lately, LUS has also been reported as an accurate predictor for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the LUS scores within the first 3 days of life and respiratory outcomes including the need and the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, and development of BPD. Methods: It was a retrospective observational study. Preterm infants younger than 32 weeks were included at an academic tertiary Neonatal Intensive Care Unit between 2018 and 2023. LUS was performed within the first 3 days. Each lung was divided into three regions and defined as a score of 0 to 3 points; the total score was obtained by adding the six regional scores. LUS scores were noted in two groups as the highest and lowest scores. Statistical analyses were done to predict respiratory outcomes. Results: Total 218 patients were enrolled; 40, 17, and 18 infants had mild, moderate, and severe BPD, respectively. BPD did not develop in 143 patients. Within the first 3 days, the highest and lowest LUS scores significantly predicted moderate-to-severe BPD (p