Association of fluid intelligence and psychiatric disorders in a population-representative sample of US adolescents

Abstract

IMPORTANCE: Despite long-standing interest in the association of psychiatric disorders with intelligence, few population-based studies of psychiatric disorders have assessed intelligence. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of fluid intelligence with past-year and lifetime psychiatric disorders, disorder age at onset, and disorder severity in a nationally representative sample of US adolescents. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: National sample of adolescents ascertained from schools and households from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication-Adolescent Supplement, collected 2001 through 2004. Face-to-face household interviews with adolescents and questionnaires from parents were obtained. The data were analyzed from February to December 2016. DSM-IV mental disorders were assessed with the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview, and included a broad range of fear, distress, behavior, substance use, and other disorders. Disorder severity was measured with the Sheehan Disability Scale. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Fluid IQ measured with the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test, normed within the sample by 6-month age groups. RESULTS: The sample included 10 073 adolescents (mean [SD] age, 15.2 [1.50] years; 49.0% female) with valid data on fluid intelligence. Lower mean (SE) IQ was observed among adolescents with past-year bipolar disorder (94.2 [1.69]; P =.004), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (96.3 [0.91]; P =.002), oppositional defiant disorder (97.3 [0.66]; P =.007), conduct disorder (97.1 [0.82]; P =.02), substance use disorders (alcohol abuse, 96.5 [0.67]; P