An analysis of public sector spending on education in Pakistan and its impact on the productivity and employability of Pakistan’s human resource

Abstract

This paper reviews the budgetary expenditures on public sector education in Pakistan, its issues and impact on sectorial jab creation as percentage of GDP. It shows that there are multiple education systems in Pakistan with different medium of instruction and gender segregation at school levels and with multiple problems and inefficiencies. In addition, there are inadequate schools for boys and girls. Budgetary expenditure on Tertiary education is 35% and on school education 65%. There are 185 Universities in the country. The share of Agriculture in GDP in 2012-2018 period declined by 2.5%, of Industry declined by 6.7%, whereas the share of services sector grew by 9.2% increasing job opportunities in the new knowledge based economy at the cost of manufacturing sector.  Government should built more schools at all levels with modern facilities and infrastructures even at remotest corners of the country. There should be scientific upgradation of teachers at all levels. Textbooks should encourage research based gender sensitive, environment sensitive and productivity orientated scientific and technological knowledge with a more progressive worldview in order to create greater linkages between school system and Higher Education with emphasis on the knowledge economy of tomorrow that incorporates international labor and human rights standards.