The Need for Better Attachment Bonds Between Institutional Caregivers and Children in Residential Care: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Attachment is an emotional bond based on the first relationships formed between people. In the case of institutionalized children, it is more difficult to establish a secure attachment bond with an adult. The figure of the institutional caregiver is key to promoting secure attachment and emotional support for these vulnerable children. This paper examines children in residential care (0–17 years), their relationship with attachment, and the figure of the institutional caregiver in relation to attachment. We conduct a systematic review of the scientific literature (SLR) carried out using the PRISMA method. The results suggest that institutionalized children are more likely to have behavioral problems because of the type of attachment they develop, and that institutional caregivers mediate attachment through their competence. In conclusion, institutional caregivers are an essential support figure in the life of residential care centers; because of this, these professionals must have adequate working conditions and receive ongoing training and support. Also, it would be necessary to analyze the appropriate skills of institutional caregivers to make appropriate intervention with the minors.