Study of The Effect of laser Pulses on Synthesis of SnO2 Nanoparticles by Laser Ablation in Methanol

Abstract

SnO 2 nanoparticles were prepared by laser ablation of tin in methanol at room temperature. The particles were characterized by means of TEM, AFM, FTIR, UV-Visible absorption spectrum and electrical properties. AFM micrographs show that the obtained material is spherical nanoparticles, the size and size distribution of which depends on the experimental conditions. From FTIR spectrum show the peak absorption of SnO 2 NPssuspension at 657 cm-1. It is found that the band gap energy of SnO 2 NPs is higher than that of bulk SnO 2 due to the decreases in the particle size according to the quantum confinement model. From the J-V characteristics Al/SnO 2 NPs/c-Si/Al hetrojunction the values of ideality factor for these devices is greater than unity which can be attributed to the recombination of electrons and holes in the depletion region as well as the tunneling effect depending on both sides of the heterojunction and on the presence of defect states. ‫دراﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫دﻗﺎﺋﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻀﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻀﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬ SnO 2 ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠﯿﺰر‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺸﻈﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﻧﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﺜﺎﻧﻮل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻼﺻﺔ‬ ‫دﻗﺎﺋﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻀﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ SnO 2 ‫اﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺮارة‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﺜﺎﻧﻮل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠﯿﺰر‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻈﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻘﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﻧﻮﯾﺔ‬. ‫ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻗﺎﺋﻖ‬ ‫ﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﮭﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬ‬ ‫اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ‬) TEM (‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺬري‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮى‬ ‫ﻣﺠﮭﺮ‬) AFM (‫وﻣﻄﯿﺎف‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬) FTIR (‫اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺨﻮاص‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺮﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴﺠﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮق‬ ‫اﻻﺷﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎص‬ ‫وطﯿﻒ‬. ‫ﯾﻈﮭﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬ‬ ‫اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﮭﺮ‬) TEM (‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺮاوح‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪل‬ ‫اظﮭﺮت‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﻧﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺼﺪﯾﺮ‬ ‫اوﻛﺴﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫دﻗﺎﺋﻖ‬ ‫وﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻒ‬ 17 ‫اﻟﻰ‬ 37 ‫اظﮭﺮت‬ ‫وﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺮوي‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ذو‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﺜﺎﻧﻮل‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﺬري‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮى‬ ‫ﻣﺠﮭﺮ‬) AFM (‫ان‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻗﺎﺋﻖ‬ ‫ﻛﺮوﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫دﻗﺎﺋﻖ‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬. ‫ﻣﻄﯿﺎﻓﺎﻻﺷﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ظﮭﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬) FTIR (‫اﻣﺘﺼﺎص‬ ‫ﻗﻤﺔ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫دﻗﺎﺋﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻮاﻟﻖ‬ SnO 2 ‫اﻟﻨﺎﻧﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ cm-1 657. ‫ﻟﺪﻗﺎﺋﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺰﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻮة‬ ‫ان‬ ‫وﺟﺪ‬ SnO 2 ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﻧﻮﯾﺔ‬ SnO 2 ‫اﻟﺤﺠﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫اﻧﺨﻔﺎض‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﯾﺮﺟﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬ ‫وﻓﻘﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻗﺎﺋﻖ‬. ‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ J-V ‫اﻟﮭﺠﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻔﺮق‬ Al/SnO 2 NPs/c-Si/Al ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻗﯿﻢ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺮون‬ ‫اﺗﺤﺎد‬ ‫اﻋﺎدة‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺰى‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﯿﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﮭﺬه‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬-‫اﻟﻨﻀﻮب‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻮة‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻼ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻨﻔ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﯿﻮب‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺠﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻔﺮق‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻼ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻋﺘﻤﺎدا‬ ‫ﻖ‬. Study of The Effect of laser Pulses on Synthesis of SnO 2 Nanoparticles by LaserAblation in Methanol 1060 INTRODUCTION ince the shape, size, and dimensionality of semiconductors are vital parameters for their properties, developing a facile method to prepare important nanomaterials with well-defined structures is of great interest and importance. Crystalline tin oxide, cassiterite structure, is a wide band gap semiconductor (~3.6 eV), It has been widely used for various catalytic applications, gas sensing, transparent conducting electrodes and liquid crystal displays, etc. [1-5]. Laser ablation is a "top-down" approach to fabricate nanoparticleswhere the bulk crystals were broken down to smaller particles by an intense laser beam. Pulse laser ablation in liquid emerged as a reliable alternative to conventional chemical reduction methods for fabricating oxide and noble metal particles [6]. Pulse laser ablation of a solid target in liquid media is becoming an increasingly popular approach for controlled synthesis of noble metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. It is a chemically simple, allowing safe and stable handling of the colloids, due to reduced by-product formation, simpler starting materials and there is no need for a catalyst [7]. Three main steps contribute in laser ablation synthesis method and formation of nanoparticles from a target immersed in liquid. Only in a short period of time, typically about a few microseconds, all these steps take place and nanoparticles are synthesizedas ablated particles go through the plume induced by laser ablation in liquid in which the temperature and pressure are very high, nanoparticles with new optical, electrical and mechanical properties can be expected to be fabricated [8-9].Well crystallized nanoparticles can easily be obtained in one-step procedure without subsequent heat-treatments [10]. Nanoparticles are well known that optical and electrical properties are strongly dependent on the size and shape of nanoparticles Therefore, control of size and shape is very important for tuning its properties over a wide range. Hence, from the fundamentals and practical aspects, studying the effects of synthesis parameters on the physical properties is very important and can lead to the size and shape selective applications [11-12].