Aid enzymatic activity is inversely proportional to the size of cytosine c5 orbital cloud

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Abstract

Activation induced deaminase (AID) deaminates cytosine to uracil, which is required for a functional humoral immune system. Previous work demonstrated, that AID also deaminates 5-methylcytosine (5 mC). Recently, a novel vertebrate modification (5-hydroxymethylcytosine - 5 hmC) has been implicated in functioning in epigenetic reprogramming, yet no molecular pathway explaining the removal of 5 hmC has been identified. AID has been suggested to deaminate 5 hmC, with the 5 hmU product being repaired by base excision repair pathways back to cytosine. Here we demonstrate that AID's enzymatic activity is inversely proportional to the electron cloud size of C5-cytosine - H > F > methyl >> hydroxymethyl. This makes AID an unlikely candidate to be part of 5 hmC removal. © 2012 Rangam et al.

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Rangam, G., Schmitz, K. M., Cobb, A. J. A., & Petersen-Mahrt, S. K. (2012). Aid enzymatic activity is inversely proportional to the size of cytosine c5 orbital cloud. PLoS ONE, 7(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0043279

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