Prevalence And Risk Factors Of Extra-Uterine Growth Restriction In Preterm Neonates: A Retrospective Study From A Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

Background: Extra-uterine growth restriction (EUGR) is a prevalent complication among very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants, associated with long-term adverse developmental outcomes. Objectives: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of EUGR in preterm infants and identify associated clinical and maternal risk factors. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted in the NICU at JSS Hospital, Mysuru, among 128 preterm infants with birth weight <1500 g, admitted between July 2022 and January 2024. Baseline characteristics and clinical data were analyzed using SPSS. Multivariate logistic regression identified independent predictors of EUGR. Results: Of the 128 preterm infants, 95 (74%) were classified as EUGR. Males were more affected (55%) than females (45%). Significant factors associated with EUGR included lower gestational age (p = 0.003), lower birth weight (p = 0.001), lower discharge weight (p < 0.0001), and delayed achievement of full feeds (p = 0.003). Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was a significant independent predictor (OR: 0.26, CI: 0.09–0.69, p = 0.007).Conclusions: EUGR is prevalent among preterm infants in this setting, particularly in males and those with low gestational age and birth weight. GDM emerged as a key risk factor. Improved early nutritional strategies and maternal risk factor management may mitigate EUGR incidence