Balloon pulmonary angioplasty for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension

Abstract

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) remains significantly underdiagnosed in patients with a history of pulmonary embolism. These patients complain of persistent shortness of breath and present with hypoxemia despite proper anticoagulation. Further investigation reveals evidence of right ventricular dysfunction on echocardiogram, which progresses to right heart failure. CTEPH is associated with a significant increase in patient morbidity and mortality if left untreated. This article offers an approach for the timely recognition of this condition, in addition to suggesting a management protocol with an emphasis on the role of interventional radiology and balloon pulmonary angioplasty.