Equity in Public Transportation Systems in Tourist Cities: A Comparative Study of Palma and Málaga (Spain)

Abstract

The study investigates the equity of public transportation systems in two Mediterranean tourist cities, Palma and Málaga, using open GTFS data, GIS analysis, and socio-economic variables. It aims to compare the distribution of public transport services, focusing on horizontal equity and vertical equity. The methodology involves calculating service levels for each stop and section, considering walking catchment areas, and assessing potential public transport needs using the Public Transport Need Index. The findings reveal significant disparities in transport service distribution in both cities, with Palma showing a high concentration of services in the city centre and specific vertical axes, leaving peripheral areas with insufficient coverage. In contrast, Málaga demonstrates a more evenly distributed transport network, benefiting both residents and tourists. The study concludes that Palma exhibits considerable horizontal inequity, particularly affecting low-income residents in suburban areas, while Málaga offers a more equitable service distribution. However, both cities face challenges in meeting the transport needs of socially disadvantaged groups, underscoring the necessity for more inclusive and demand-responsive transport planning.